Excessive formation of uric acid crystals in humans leads to which of the following medical conditions?
A) diabetes, where excessive urine formation occurs B) insatiable thirst and excessive urine formation C) gout, a painful inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints D) osteoarthritis, an inevitable consequence of aging
Unlike most bony fishes, sharks maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to seawater, so they are considered by many to be osmoconformers. Nonetheless, sharks osmoregulate at least partially by ________.
A) using their gills and kidneys to rid themselves of sea salts B) monitoring dehydration at the cellular level with special gated aquaporins C) tolerating high urea concentrations that are balanced with internal salt concentrations to seawater osmolarity D) synthesizing uric acid, a chemical that binds and precipitates salts inside cells