During an examination of a 31-year-old woman in her second trimester, the obstetrician notes that in addition to the presence of the meninges, there is also neural tissue present in the Spina bifida cystica. What is the most accurate description of this defect?
A) Meningomyelocele B) Meningoencephalocele C) Myeloschisis D) Meningocele E) Holoprosencephaly
Several days after birth the pediatrician notes that an infant has craniofacial abnormalities and is having difficulty suckling. After further discussion with the mother, the pediatrician learns that the mother has a history of alcohol abuse. Which of the following most accurately characterizes this baby's condition?
A) Anencephaly B) Fetal alcohol syndrome C) Microcephaly D) Arnold-Chiari malformation E) Hydrocephalus
During her second trimester of pregnancy a 31-year-old woman visits her obstetrician for an ultrasound scan. The obstetrician explains to the woman that several vertebral arches have not formed and a fluid-filled cyst is protruding from the lumbosacral region of the fetus. An in utero surgery is scheduled for the third trimester. Which of the following most accurately characterizes these birth defects?
A) Anencephaly B) Microcephaly C) Spina bifida cystica D) Aqueductal stenosis E) Hydramnios