A) Salmon die after spawning to leave more resources for their offspring.
B) Salmon exploit the high productivity of the marine environment.
C) The massive reproductive effort of salmon cannot occur more than once.
D) Salmon are an important source of nutrients in terrestrial environments.
E) none of the above

A) value of R₀ for the entire population.
B) lifetime reproductive output of an individual.
C) expected reproductive output of an individual of a specific age.
D) expected reproductive output at one moment in time.
E) none of the above

A) reproductive output changes with age.
B) morality rate increases with age.
C) reproductive rate increases with age.
D) b and c
E) none of the above