A)annealing the ends of the vector and foreign DNA
B)cutting the source of the foreign DNA with a restriction endonuclease
C)reannealing the ends of the vector back together
D)cutting the vector plasmid with the same restriction endonuclease

A)to cleave the DNA into smaller fragments to permit greater efficiency of transfer
B)to inactivate any restriction endonucleases that may be in the gel
C)to denature the duplex DNA to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
D)to neutralize any acidic phosphate groups that might prevent hybridization

A)short sequences of DNA between the promoter and the gene
B)short synthetic DNA duplexes consisting of a restriction site that is ligated onto DNA
C)enzymes that link cloning sites in a sequence of nucleotides
D)enzymes that incorporate foreign DNA into plasmids