An independent union is one that has the power to elect its own leaders, and make all financial and strategic decisions regarding its operations.

Despite the poor working conditions and low wages, one safeguard that employees had in the early part of the 20^th century, was stability in employment because legally employers needed a good reason to fire someone.

The mainstream economic perspective holds that efficiency, equity and voice in the employment relationship are maintained through competitive markets which lead to a fair price where labor is paid equal to the value of its contribution.