Which Step is NOT Part of the Proton-Translocation Process in ATP

Question

Which step is NOT part of the proton-translocation process in ATP synthase?
A) A negatively charged amino acid in each c subunit becomes neutral upon proton binding.
B) A positively charged amino acid in the a subunit forms an ion pair with a charged amino acid in a c subunit.
C) Deprotonated c subunits are able to interact only with the a subunit.
D) An arginine in the a subunit is reversibly protonated and deprotonated in each proton binding event.
E) Proton direction is determined by the relative concentrations of protons on either side of the membrane.

Accepted Answer

The correct steps in the proton-translocation process of ATP synthase involve specific interactions between subunits and the movement of protons, but reversible protonation and deprotonation of an arginine in the a subunit is not part of this mechanism.