Which of the following changes in life history of the North Atlantic cod could have alerted scientists to the impending population crash?  

A) A type I growth curve
B) A shift to K-selection characterized by larger fish
C) A shift to r-selection characterized by smaller fish
D) Type I growth curve the first year and type II in years two and three
E) Type I the first year, type II the second year, and type III the third year