Which of the Following is a Noncovalent Interaction

Question

Which of the following is a noncovalent interaction?
A)hydrophobic effect
B)ionic interactions
C)van der Waals interactions
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above options, hydrophobic effect, ionic interactions, and van der Waals interactions are noncovalent interactions. Noncovalent interactions are the weak attractions that take place between molecules or between different parts of the same molecule. They are essential in many biological processes and play crucial roles in protein folding, DNA stability, enzyme-substrate interactions, and many more biochemical events.