An Important Innate Defence Mechanism in the Urinary Tract Is/are

Question

An important innate defence mechanism in the urinary tract is/are
A)antibodies.
B)glomerular filtration.
C)normal urine flow.
D)lymphocytes.
E)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Normal urine flow is an important innate defence mechanism in the urinary tract. It helps to flush out any pathogens or bacteria that may be present in the urinary tract, preventing infections from establishing. Antibodies and lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune system and are not considered innate defence mechanisms. Glomerular filtration is important for removing waste products from the blood, but it is not a defence mechanism against pathogens or bacteria.