Which of the Following is Not a Characteristic of the Second-Messenger

Question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism of hormone action?
A) Hormone effects are amplified.
B) G proteins and cAMP are used.
C) Receptors are on the cell surface.
D) Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene.
E) Kinases may phosphorylate proteins.

Accepted Answer

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action involves receptors on the surface of the target cell that activate G proteins and second messengers such as cAMP, which in turn activate kinase enzymes that phosphorylate other proteins, leading to cellular responses. However, this mechanism does not involve direct stimulation of a gene.