In species in which males form dominance relationships, such as stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides), low-ranking males

A) attempt to interfere with the copulations of the higher ranking males.
B) can successfully monopolize one or more females because they are less aggressive than are higher ranking males, and females prefer their company.
C) experience greater reproductive success than if they were living within a more egalitarian society.
D) mated not at all, or if they did, did so surreptitiously, out of view of the more dominant males.