Which of the Following Has NOT Been Observed as a Trait

Question

Which of the following has NOT been observed as a trait of sperm competition?
A) applying pheromones that reduce the female's attractiveness
B) the production of large ejaculates containing many sperm
C) depositing a copulatory plug
D) prolonged copulation during mating
E) All of the above have been observed as traits of sperm competition.

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (A through D) have been observed as traits of sperm competition in various species. These strategies are employed to increase the likelihood of fertilization by one male over the sperm of other males.