Which of the following were NOT used to conclude that antennal photoreceptors are involved in proper orientation in monarch butterflies?

A) Individuals placed in a light chamber oriented differently than controls.
B) Clock-shifted individuals oriented differently than controls.
C) Individuals with their antennae removed oriented differently than controls.
D) Individuals with black-painted antennae oriented differently than controls.
E) Individuals without antennae could fly normally.