Which of the Following is Not Affected by Demographic Stochasticity

Question

Which of the following is not affected by demographic stochasticity?
A) sex ratio
B) λ
C) bx
D) R0
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Demographic stochasticity affects all aspects of population dynamics, including sex ratio, growth rate (λ), birth rates (b_x), and net reproductive rate (R₀).