ATP Synthesis and Mitochondrial Electron Transport are Coupled by __________

Question

ATP synthesis and mitochondrial electron transport are coupled by __________.
A) protonmotive force
B) high energy intermediates
C) proton gradient
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis and mitochondrial electron transport are coupled by both a protonmotive force and a proton gradient. The protonmotive force is generated by the electron transport chain, creating a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, which drives ATP synthesis.