Suppose that a late succession plant that is surrounded by early succession plants grows at a rate of 0.5 cm per day. If the early succession plants are removed experimentally, the late succession plants are observed to grow at a rate of 0.9 cm per day. This experiment shows that the early succession plants have a _ effect on the late succession plants, and this observation is most consistent with the _ model of succession.

Question

Suppose that a late succession plant that is surrounded by early succession plants grows at a rate of 0.5 cm per day. If the early succession plants are removed experimentally, the late succession plants are observed to grow at a rate of 0.9 cm per day. This experiment shows that the early succession plants have a _______ effect on the late succession plants, and this observation is most consistent with the _______ model of succession.