In a group of meerkats, a male gives a number of alarm calls that in total save the lives of two sisters as well as three offspring of another sibling. But by giving these alarm calls, the male is exposed to risk of attack from predators and eventually is killed by a hawk. As a result of a shortened life, he does not produce three surviving offspring that he otherwise would have had. According to Hamilton's rule, is this alarm-calling behavior adaptive?
A) Yes, because the direct fitness cost of the behavior was lower than the indirect fitness benefit. B) Yes, because the indirect fitness cost of the behavior was lower than the direct fitness benefit. C) No, because the direct fitness cost of the behavior was higher than the indirect fitness benefit. D) No, because any behavior that results in no direct fitness benefit is not adaptive.