Question 5

(Multiple Choice)

Vampire bats need to eat often, and their only food is blood. When one bat is unsuccessful at gaining a meal, it returns to a communal roost where another, often unrelated, bat is likely to give it a small amount of food. Work by Carter and Wilkinson (2015) suggests that this arrangement meets the conditions needed for


A) selfishness.
B) kin selection.
C) reciprocity.
D) altruism.

Answer