Which of the following statements best describes the function of the vitelline layer in a newly fertilized sea urchin egg?

A) It lifts away from the egg and hardens to form a fertilization envelope.
B) It secretes hormones that enhance steroidogenesis by the ovary.
C) It reduces the loss of water from the egg and prevents desiccation.
D) It provides most of the nutrients used by the zygote.