With Which Phrase is Afterload Most Associated

Question

With which phrase is afterload most associated?
A) Heart rate
B) Arteriolar vasoconstriction
C) (+) Inotropic effect
D) Venous return

Accepted Answer

Afterload refers to the pressure or tension against which the ventricle must work to eject blood during systole. Arteriolar vasoconstriction, which increases resistance and therefore pressure in the peripheral vasculature, is a key factor influencing afterload.