The Structural and Trophic Foundation of Coral Reefs is a Mutualistic

Question

The structural and trophic foundation of coral reefs is a mutualistic relationship between
A) cyanobacteria and sponges (Porifera).
B) chemolithotrophic bacteria and stony corals (Cnidaria).
C) dinoflagellates and stony corals (Cnidaria).
D) cyanobacteria and stony corals (Cnidaria).

Accepted Answer

The mutualistic relationship between dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) and stony corals (Cnidaria) is critical for the structural and trophic foundation of coral reefs. The zooxanthellae provide the coral with organic carbon and oxygen via photosynthesis, while the coral provides the zooxanthellae with protection and access to sunlight.