Which Metabolic Strategy Does NOT Invoke the Proton Motive Force

Question

Which metabolic strategy does NOT invoke the proton motive force for energy conservation?
A) aerobic catabolism
B) fermentation
C) chemoorganotrophy
D) photoautrophy

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not involve the proton motive force for energy conservation while the other options, aerobic catabolism, chemoorganotrophy, and photoautrophy, all rely on the proton motive force to generate ATP.