Which of the Following is a Second Messenger That Helps

Question

Which of the following is a second messenger that helps to regulate biofilm production?
A) ppGpp
B) ATP
C) cAMP
D) cGMP
E) cdiGMP

Accepted Answer

cdiGMP is a second messenger that serves as a key regulator of biofilm production in many bacteria. It has been shown to activate biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and many other bacterial species. The other options listed are not typically involved in regulation of biofilm production.