Knockout Mutations Can Include ________ Mutations and ________ Mutations

Question

Knockout mutations can include ________ mutations and ________ mutations.
A) gain of function; loss of function
B) gain of function; missense
C) frameshift; nonsense
D) silent; nonsense
E) silent; missense

Accepted Answer

Knockout mutations can lead to loss of function of the gene or protein. Frameshift and nonsense mutations result in a non-functional protein, making it a loss-of-function mutation. Gain of function and missense mutations do not necessarily lead to a non-functional protein and hence are not the correct choices. Silent mutations do not have any effect on the protein and hence cannot be considered as a knockout mutation.