DNA sequencing by synthesis is a powerful contemporary technique that allows the generation of up to 600 gigabases (Gb) of sequence per run. Which process is part of sequencing by synthesis?

A) The sequencing products are separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
B) [32P]-DNA fragments are developed using X-ray film or phosphoimaging.
C) The release of pyrophosphate during the incorporation of dNTPs into a growing DNA chain is detected by a complex reaction system that emits light from oxyluciferin.
D) About one thousand identical copies of each individual template DNA form a tight cluster (at the mm-level) on the surface of a flow cell prior to sequencing.
E) Whole large DNA molecules, such as plasmids or BACs, are used as templates.