Phagocytosis of Microbes by Macrophages is Enhanced By

Question

Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is enhanced by
A) the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes.
B) antibody-mediated agglutination of microbes.
C) the release of cytokines by activated B cells.
D) the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes and antibody-mediated agglutination of microbes only.
E) the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes, antibody-mediated agglutination of microbes, and the release of cytokines by activated B cells.

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages can be enhanced by the binding of antibodies to the microbial surface, which can then promote the attachment of the microbe to the macrophage. Additionally, antibody-mediated agglutination of microbes can make them more easily detected and engulfed by macrophages. The release of cytokines by B cells is not directly involved in phagocytosis, but rather in the activation and differentiation of other immune cells.