Root pressure can result in the early morning appearance of water droplets on leaves and flowers of low- growing plants. Which of the following does not contribute to the development of root pressure?

A) creation of a water potential gradient between the xylem lower ƒ) and surrounding cells higher ƒ) in the root
B) movement of ions from epidermis to xylem
C) closed stomata
D) accumulation of ions from the soil by root epidermal cells
E) creation of tension in the xylem water column that leads to short- distance water movement