In flour beetles and desert locusts, how is water conserved?

A) Water is transported into hindgut cells through endocytosis.
B) The pre- urine formed in the Malpighian tubules is hypertonic.
C) Sodium and chloride are actively transported out of pre- urine, and water follows, forming a hypertonic urine.
D) Urine that is formed is isotonic to hemolymph, but the muscle cells surrounding spiracles of these organisms are able to significantly limit water loss due to respiration.