How Does a Biofilm Protect the Organisms from Host Defenses

Question

How does a biofilm protect the organisms from host defenses?
A) By inhibiting phagocytosis
B) By inhibiting chemotaxis
C) By suppressing the lymphoproliferative response
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Biofilms can inhibit phagocytosis by preventing immune cells from physically contacting and engulfing the bacteria within the biofilm. They can also inhibit chemotaxis, which is the process by which immune cells are attracted to sites of infection. Additionally, biofilms can suppress the lymphoproliferative response, which is a key component of the adaptive immune response. Therefore, all of the above answer choices are correct.